Optimizing ink and toner consumption in digital printing is a complex challenge involving economic, technological, and environmental factors. Advances in color management algorithms and innovative techniques for processing digital originals not only lower costs but also ensure consistent, high-quality print results. Current research focuses on improving color reproduction accuracy, optimizing materials and technologies, enhancing environmental sustainability, and expanding the functionality of digital printing systems. This study examines the use of ICaS-ColorPrint technology to optimize ink and toner usage in digital printing. Experiments were conducted with inkjet and electrographic printing devices from Xerox, Konica Minolta, and Epson. The research introduces a color conversion method to identify primary ink color vectors and determine the nonlinearity index. It demonstrates the importance of using the ICaS orthogonal color space when solving autotype synthesis equations. Colorimetric measurements of prints revealed nonlinearity indices for the analyzed printing conditions, which closely match FOGRA51 standards for offset printing on coated paper, particularly in outputs from the Xerox Versant 80 digital press. The study also investigates how the developed methods for processing digital originals can be adapted to different digital printing platforms, assessing their resource-saving potential and print quality. The results confirm that ICaS-ColorPrint technology effectively reduces costs, improves environmental sustainability, and ensures stable print quality. This technology shows great potential for integration into industrial-scale printing, enabling more sustainable and cost-efficient production processes. Moreover, these findings pave the way for future developments in color management systems, making them more adaptable to evolving printing technologies and market demands.
Keywords: color separation, digital printing, autotype synthesis, optimization of ink consumption, color differences.
doi: 10.32403/0554-4866-2024-2-88-19-31
- 1. Smithers. (2022). Smithers report identifies growth segments and technologies for $136.7 billion digital printing market across the next decade. Retrieved November 20, 2024, from https://www.smithers.com/en-gb/resources/2022/april/smithers-identifies-growth-areas-for-digital-print.
- 2. Smithers. (n.d.). The Future of Global Printing to 2028. Retrieved November 20, 2024, from https://www.smithers.com/services/market-reports/printing/the-future-of-global-printing-to-2028.
- 3. Li, Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., & Li, R. (2023). Study of color reproduction in pigment digital printing. Textile Research Journal, 93(11-12). https://doi.org/10.1177/00405175221147725.
- 4. Cigula, T., Hudika, T., & Donevski, D. (2022). Color reproduction on varnished cardboard packaging by using lower ink coverages due to the gray component replacement image processing. Color Research & Application, 47(1), 172–181.
- 5. Altay, B. N., Carver-Kubik, A., Williams, S., Huq, A., Sugiyama, M., Dhote, Y., ... Karademir, A. (2024). Starch-based nanoparticles as a replacement for synthetic latex: A comprehensive assessment of printability and colorimetric characteristics. Color Research & Application, 49(6), 538–552.
- 6. Rohland, T., Sauva, S., Schinke, J., & Kaiser, C. (2022). Comparison of analog and digital printing specifically for printed electronics. In W. Zapka (Ed.), Inkjet Printing in Industry: Materials, Technologies, Systems, and Applications (Vol. 1, Chapter 52). https://doi.org/ 10.1002/9783527828074.ch52.
- 7. Kwon, K.-S., Rahman, M. K., Phung, T. H., Hoath, S. D., Jeong, S., & Kim, J. S. (2020). Review of digital printing technologies for electronic materials. Flexible and Printed Electronics, 5(4), 53.
- 8. Green, P. (2023). Characterizing hard copy printers. In P. Green (Ed.), Fundamentals and Applications of Colour Engineering (Chapter 7). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119827214.ch7.
- 9. Semeniv, M. R., Semeniv, V. V., & Plakhtyna, Z. I. (2021). Analiz prohramnoho zabezpechennia dlia optymizatsii vykorystannia kolorovykh farb. Kvalilohiia knyhy, 1(39), 89–97. (in Ukrainian).
- 10. Shovheniuk, M., Kovalskiy, B., Semeniv, V., Semeniv, M., & Zanko, N. (2019). Information technology of digital images processing with saving of material resources. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on ICT in Education, Research and Industrial Applications. Integration, Harmonization and Knowledge Transfer (Vol. 1, pp. 414–419). Kherson, Ukraine. Retrieved from http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2387/20190414.pdf.
- 11. Kovalskyi, B., Semeniv, M., Zanko, N., & Semeniv, V. (2024). Application of digital images processing for expanded gamut printing with effect of saving material resources. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 3702, 226–238.
- 12. Chromaxion. Color information that measures up. (n.d.) GretagMacbeth Spectrolino. Retrieved from https://www.chromaxion.com/information/spectrolino.html.
- 13. Zanko, N. V., Pysanchyn, N. S., Holubnyk, T. S., Maik, L. Ya., & Kovalskyi, B. M. (2023). Kolorymetrychni metody kontroliu yakosti kolorovidtvorennia v polihrafii. In V. P. Tkachenko, O. V. Vovk, & I. B. Chebotarova (Eds.), Polihrafichni, multymediini ta web-tekhnolohii: kolektyvna monohrafiia (37–60). Kharkiv: TOV «Drukarnia Madryd». (in Ukrainian).