Modulation of raster tone and optical density of images

  1. Home
  2. Archive
  3. № 2 (90)
Author(s) Collection number Pages Download abstract Download full text
Янчинський А. В. № 2 (90) 184-195 Image Image

A mathematical model of the raster tone index expressed by the relative area of ​​raster elements in percent and the raster optical density of digital images for different tone reproduction options in the areas of the tone interval is developed.

In the MATLAB: Simulink panel, a structural diagram of the simulator model is developed to determine the characteristics of raster tones and, in particular, the tone index given by the relative area of ​​raster elements in percent, depending on the selected tone interval and the integral density corresponding to it. Gradation characteristics of the input image reproduction, raster tone characteristics and optical density are constructed, and their analysis is carried out. The results of simulation modeling are presented in the form of a family of curves for typical options regarding the gradation characteristics of different tonalities, raster tone indices in percent and raster optical densities corresponding to them, and their properties are analyzed.

It has been established that the tone indicators of raster elements, expressed as a percentage of their relative area, allow us to quantitatively assess the optical density after image rasterization and make a decision on adjusting the process to improve the quality of printed products.

Keywords: digital images, simulation model, gradation characteristics, rasterization, tone indicator, optical density, simulation, properties, quality.

doi: 10.32403/0554-4866-2025-2-90-184-195


  • 1. Baranovsky I. V., Yakhymovych Yu. P. Processus imprimendi informationes visuales: doceo. manuale. – Kyiv-Lviv: IZMN. 1998, 400 p.
  • 2. Gavrish B. M., Durnyak B. V., Timchenko O. V., Yushchyk O. V. Reproduction Image re­pro­duc­tion with raster technis: tutorial. manuale. Leopolis: UAD, 2016. 180 p.
  • 3. Blanter D., Fleishman G., Roth S. Scanning and rasterizing images. E: ECOM, 1999. 384 p.
  • 4. Gunko S. M. Fundamenta imprimendi: doceo. manuale. – Leopolis: UAD. 2013. 259p.
  • 5. Lotoshynska N. D., Ivakhiv O. V. Color theoria et color scientia: doceo. manuale. – Leopolis: Leopolis Polytechnic Publishing Domus. 2014. 204 p.
  • 6. Lutskiv M. M. Digital technologiae excudendi: monograph. – Leopolis: UAD, 2012. 488 p.
  • 7. Martyniuk V. T., Fundamenta preprint praeparationis informationis visualis: Liber 2. Fun­da­men­ta processus informationis visualis: textbook. – Kyiv: Universitas Ucraina, 2009, 291 p.
  • 8. Pashulya P. L. Standardisatio, metologia, obsequium, qualitas imprimendi: artem. – Leopolis: UAD, 2021, 408 p.
  • 9. Hunko D. T. Modeliuvannia normovanoho rastrovoho peretvorennia dlia elementiv kvadratnoi formy: Qualiology: collection of scientific papers, Lviv: UAP, 2020, №2(38), 160-169 p.
  • 10. Lutskiv M. M., Hunko D. T. Modeliuvannia normovanoho rastrovoho peretvorennia dlia ele­mentiv kruhloi formy: Polihrafiia i vydavnycha sprava: 38, scientific work, Lviv: UAP, 2020, №2(80), 116-123 p.
  • 11. Kavyn S. Development of a model of power-linear conversion of digital images for dark tones technology audit and production reserves — no. 2/2(82), 2025.
  • 12. Yanchynskyi A.V. Normovane rastrove stepeneve peretvorennia tsyfrovykh zobrazhen. Qualiology of the Book. – Lviv: UAD, 2023, No. 2 (44). pp. 26-35.
  • 13. Lutskiv M. M., Baranovskyi I. V., Yanchynskyi A. V. Modeliuvannia normovanoho stepenevoho rastrovoho peretvorennia. Qualiology of the Book. – Lviv: UAD, 2024, No. 1 (45). pp. 7-17.
  • 14. Yanchynskyi A. V. Modeliuvannia nafablennia rastrove peretvorenykh tsyfrovykh zobrazhen temnykh toniv. Polihrafiia i vydavnycha sprava. – Lviv: UAD, 2024, No. 2 (88). pp. 41-49.
  • 15. Yanchynskyi A. V. Modeliuvannia nafablennia rastrove peretvorenykh tsyfrovykh zobrazhen svitlykh toniv. Collection of Scientific Works. – Lviv: UAD, 2024, No. 2 (69). pp. 120-129.
  • 16. Yanchynskyi A.V. Nyzkhochastotne filtruvannia stepenevoho pertvorennia svitlykh toniv zob­razhen. Collection of Scientific Works. – Lviv: UAD, No. 1 (68). pp. 145-152.
  • 17. Luckiv. M. M., Baranovskyi I. V., Yanchynskyi A. V. Analiz tonovidtvorennya svitlyh drukovanyh rastrovyh zobrazhen na osnovi rozrahunku yih optychnoyi gusyny Poligrafiya i vy­davnicha sprava / printing and publishing / 1 (87) 2024 pp. 106-114.